1. The basic structural and functional unit of life is the:
A) Tissue
B) Cell
C) Organ
D) Organ system
2. The scientist who first observed cork cells was:
A) Robert Hooke
B) Antonie van Leeuwenhoek
C) Rudolf Virchow
D) Matthias Schleiden
3. The cell theory was proposed mainly by:
A) Darwin and Wallace
B) Watson and Crick
C) Hooke and Leeuwenhoek
D) Schleiden and Schwann
4. The control center of the cell is the:
A) Ribosome
B) Vacuole
C) Nucleus
D) Cell wall
5. The jelly-like material inside a cell is called:
A) Cytoplasm
B) Chromatin
C) Cell sap
D) Stroma
6. Which structure controls the movement of substances into and out of the cell?
A) Cell wall
B) Plasma membrane
C) Nucleolus
D) Centriole
7. Plant cells differ from animal cells because they possess:
A) Cytoplasm
B) Ribosomes
C) Cell membrane
D) Cell wall
8. Chloroplasts are mainly responsible for:
A) Photosynthesis
B) Respiration
C) Protein synthesis
D) Cell division
9. The powerhouse of the cell is the:
A) Golgi apparatus
B) Ribosome
C) Mitochondrion
D) Lysosome
10. Ribosomes are the sites of:
A) Photosynthesis
B) Protein synthesis
C) Digestion
D) Cell respiration
11. Cells lacking a true nucleus are called:
A) Prokaryotic cells
B) Eukaryotic cells
C) Plant cells
D) Animal cells
12. Which organism is prokaryotic?
A) Amoeba
B) Yeast
C) Paramecium
D) Bacterium
13. A group of similar cells performing the same function is called:
A) Organ
B) Organ system
C) Tissue
D) Organism
14. The tissue responsible for transport of water in plants is:
A) Phloem
B) Xylem
C) Epidermis
D) Cortex
15. Phloem tissue mainly transports:
A) Food
B) Water only
C) Oxygen only
D) Minerals only
16. Which organelle contains chlorophyll?
A) Vacuole
B) Nucleus
C) Mitochondrion
D) Chloroplast
17. The large permanent vacuole is a characteristic feature of:
A) Bacterial cells
B) Animal cells
C) Plant cells
D) Viral particles
18. Which organelle is known as the “powerhouse of the cell” because it produces ATP?
A) Chloroplast
B) Mitochondrion
C) Ribosome
D) Golgi apparatus
19. The selectively permeable boundary of a cell is the:
A) Plasma membrane
B) Cell wall
C) Nuclear membrane
D) Cytoplasm
20. Which organelle is absent in prokaryotic cells?
A) Cell membrane
B) Cytoplasm
C) Ribosomes
D) Membrane-bound nucleus
21. The main function of the nucleus is to:
A) Store food
B) Produce ATP
C) Control cellular activities
D) Synthesize lipids
22. Which structure provides rigidity and support to plant cells?
A) Cell wall
B) Cell membrane
C) Nucleolus
D) Centrosome
23. Which organelle packages and modifies proteins before secretion?
A) Ribosome
B) Golgi apparatus
C) Chloroplast
D) Vacuole
24. Which tissue covers and protects plant surfaces?
A) Xylem
B) Phloem
C) Meristem
D) Epidermis
25. Meristematic tissue is mainly responsible for:
A) Photosynthesis
B) Food storage
C) Plant growth by cell division
D) Water transport only
26. Muscle tissue in animals is specialized for:
A) Conducting impulses
B) Movement and contraction
C) Protection only
D) Blood formation
27. Nervous tissue is specialized to:
A) Receive and transmit nerve impulses
B) Store starch
C) Produce chlorophyll
D) Absorb minerals
28. Blood is classified as a type of:
A) Epithelial tissue
B) Muscle tissue
C) Nervous tissue
D) Connective tissue
29. Which of the following is found in plant cells but not in animal cells?
A) Cell membrane
B) Cytoplasm
C) Chloroplast
D) Ribosome
30. The nucleus is surrounded by the:
A) Cell wall
B) Nuclear membrane
C) Tonoplast
D) Plasma membrane
31. Which organelle is directly involved in photosynthesis?
A) Chloroplast
B) Mitochondrion
C) Golgi apparatus
D) Endoplasmic reticulum
32. Which of the following is NOT part of the cell theory?
A) All living organisms are made of cells.
B) Cells are the basic unit of life.
C) New cells arise from pre-existing cells.
D) All cells contain chloroplasts.
33. Which tissue transports manufactured food in plants?
A) Xylem
B) Epidermis
C) Phloem
D) Meristem
34. Which of the following is an example of epithelial tissue?
A) Blood
B) Skin covering
C) Skeletal muscle
D) Bone marrow
35. The nucleolus is primarily responsible for the formation of:
A) Ribosomes
B) Mitochondria
C) Lysosomes
D) Vacuoles
36. Which organelle contains the genetic material (DNA) of the cell?
A) Golgi apparatus
B) Endoplasmic reticulum
C) Nucleus
D) Ribosome
37. The fluid-filled sac that stores water and dissolved substances in plant cells is the:
A) Lysosome
B) Centrosome
C) Chloroplast
D) Vacuole
38. Which tissue provides mechanical support and flexibility to young plant parts?
A) Sclerenchyma
B) Collenchyma
C) Xylem
D) Phloem
39. Thick-walled dead cells that provide strength to plants form:
A) Sclerenchyma
B) Parenchyma
C) Epidermis
D) Cambium
40. Which simple permanent tissue mainly stores food in plants?
A) Collenchyma
B) Sclerenchyma
C) Parenchyma
D) Xylem
41. The movement of substances across the plasma membrane is controlled because it is:
A) Completely permeable
B) Selectively permeable
C) Impermeable
D) Rigid and non-living
42. Which structure is present in plant cells but absent in animal cells?
A) Cell membrane
B) Cytoplasm
C) Nucleus
D) Cell wall
43. Which type of animal tissue connects, supports, and binds other tissues together?
A) Connective tissue
B) Epithelial tissue
C) Muscle tissue
D) Nervous tissue
44. Which tissue is responsible for lining body surfaces and cavities?
A) Connective tissue
B) Muscle tissue
C) Epithelial tissue
D) Nervous tissue
45. The cell theory states that new cells arise from:
A) Non-living matter
B) Pre-existing cells
C) Air and water
D) Sunlight
46. Which organelle is absent in mature mammalian red blood cells?
A) Nucleus
B) Cell membrane
C) Cytoplasm
D) Hemoglobin
47. Which type of cell generally contains the greatest number of mitochondria?
A) Skin cell
B) Root hair cell
C) Fat cell
D) Muscle cell
48. Which of the following is a characteristic of eukaryotic cells?
A) No membrane-bound organelles
B) Absence of a nucleus
C) Presence of a true nucleus enclosed by a membrane
D) DNA freely floating without a nucleus
49. Which scientist stated that all cells arise from pre-existing cells?
A) Robert Hooke
B) Rudolf Virchow
C) Antonie van Leeuwenhoek
D) Charles Darwin
50. The main objective of Chapter 4 “Cells and Tissues” is to help students understand:
A) Biodiversity and classification only
B) Human digestion only
C) Evolution and adaptation only
D) Cell structure, cell theory, organelles, differences between plant and animal cells, prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, and the organization and functions of plant and animal tissues