Class 12 Biology Chapter 20 – Cell Cycle MCQs | FBISE | Grade 12 Biology

Class 12 Biology Chapter 20 – Cell Cycle MCQs | FBISE | Grade 12 Biology

Description: Practice 50 exam-oriented MCQs from Class 12 Biology Chapter 20 – Cell Cycle, covering the cell cycle, interphase, mitosis, meiosis, chromosome behavior, cell division, and biological significance.

1. The cell cycle is the sequence of events occurring between

A) one cell division and the next
B) fertilization and birth
C) DNA transcription and translation only
D) two different organisms
2. The cell cycle includes interphase and

A) digestion
B) cell division
C) respiration only
D) transcription only
3. Interphase is divided into G1, S and

A) C phase
B) M1 phase
C) G2 phases
D) T phase
4. During G1 phase, the cell mainly

A) forms two daughter cells
B) replicates DNA
C) separates chromosomes
D) grows and performs normal functions
5. DNA replication occurs during the

A) S phase
B) G1 phase
C) G2 phase
D) M phase
6. During G2 phase, the cell mainly

A) replicates DNA for the first time
B) prepares for division
C) separates sister chromatids
D) undergoes cytokinesis
7. The phase in which nuclear division occurs is called

A) S phase
B) G1 phase
C) M phase
D) G2 phase
8. Mitosis produces daughter cells that are usually

A) always different from each other
B) genetically unrelated to the parent
C) haploid in all organisms
D) genetically similar to the parent cell
9. Mitosis is important for growth and

A) tissue repair
B) gamete formation only
C) fertilization
D) crossing over only
10. The first stage of mitosis is

A) metaphase
B) prophase
C) anaphase
D) telophase
11. During prophase, chromosomes become

A) replicated for the first time
B) completely uncoiled
C) condensed and visible
D) separated into gametes
12. During prophase, the mitotic spindle begins to

A) produce hormones
B) disappear permanently
C) replicate DNA
D) form
13. The nuclear envelope generally breaks down during

A) prophase
B) G1 phase
C) cytokinesis
D) telophase only
14. During metaphase, chromosomes align at the

A) cell membrane
B) equatorial plane
C) nucleolus
D) cytoplasmic edge
15. Chromosomes are attached to spindle fibres through structures at their

A) ribosomes
B) telomeres
C) centromeres
D) nucleoli
16. During anaphase of mitosis,

A) nuclear envelopes form
B) DNA replicates
C) chromosomes first condense
D) sister chromatids separate
17. During telophase, chromosomes generally

A) decondense and new nuclei form
B) align at the equator
C) replicate DNA
D) move to the equator
18. Cytokinesis is the division of the

A) nucleus
B) cytoplasm
C) chromosome
D) DNA molecule
19. In animal cells, cytokinesis occurs mainly by formation of a

A) spore
B) cell plate
C) cleavage furrow
D) bud
20. In plant cells, cytokinesis involves formation of a

A) capsule
B) cleavage furrow
C) contractile ring only
D) cell plate
21. The two daughter cells produced by normal mitosis generally have

A) the same chromosome number as the parent
B) half the chromosome number
C) double the chromosome number
D) no chromosomes
22. A chromosome consisting of two identical copies is composed of

A) homologous chromosomes only
B) sister chromatids
C) two genes only
D) two centromeres always
23. Sister chromatids are joined at the

A) nucleolus
B) telomere
C) centromere
D) cell wall
24. Meiosis is a type of cell division that produces

A) tetraploid cells in all cases
B) diploid body cells only
C) identical somatic cells only
D) haploid cells
25. Meiosis involves

A) two successive nuclear divisions
B) one nuclear division only
C) no DNA replication
D) three complete DNA replications
26. DNA replication in meiosis occurs

A) before both meiosis I and II
B) once before meiosis I
C) after meiosis II
D) only during meiosis II
27. Meiosis I is often called the

A) growth division
B) equational division
C) reduction division
D) repair division
28. Meiosis II resembles mitosis because

A) crossing over begins
B) homologous chromosomes pair
C) DNA replicates again
D) sister chromatids separate
29. During prophase I of meiosis, homologous chromosomes

A) pair together
B) separate immediately
C) disappear
D) become ribosomes
30. The pairing of homologous chromosomes is called

A) cytokinesis
B) synapsis
C) translation
D) replication
31. A paired structure formed by homologous chromosomes during prophase I is called a

A) centromere
B) ribosome
C) bivalent
D) nucleosome
32. Crossing over occurs between

A) centromeres only
B) sister chromatids of one chromosome only
C) ribosomes
D) non-sister chromatids of homologous chromosomes
33. Crossing over results in

A) genetic recombination
B) identical daughter cells
C) DNA destruction
D) loss of all chromosomes
34. The visible point where crossing over occurs is called a

A) centromere
B) chiasma
C) telomere
D) kinetochore only
35. During metaphase I, homologous chromosome pairs align at the

A) nucleus membrane
B) cell wall
C) equator
D) spindle pole
36. During anaphase I,

A) nuclear envelopes form
B) sister chromatids separate
C) DNA replicates
D) homologous chromosomes separate
37. During meiosis I, sister chromatids generally

A) remain together
B) separate completely
C) replicate twice
D) become homologous chromosomes
38. At the end of meiosis I, the chromosome number is

A) doubled
B) reduced to haploid
C) unchanged in all cells
D) reduced to zero
39. During anaphase II,

A) DNA replicates
B) homologous chromosomes pair
C) sister chromatids separate
D) crossing over occurs
40. The final result of meiosis is generally

A) one haploid cell
B) two diploid cells
C) four diploid cells
D) four haploid cells
41. Meiosis is essential for

A) sexual reproduction
B) binary fission
C) growth of somatic tissue only
D) wound healing only
42. Independent assortment occurs because homologous chromosome pairs can

A) replicate independently during G1
B) orient independently at metaphase I
C) avoid all spindle fibres
D) remain permanently attached
43. Genetic variation produced by meiosis is important for

A) stopping mutation
B) preventing reproduction
C) evolution
D) eliminating all variation
44. A checkpoint in the cell cycle helps ensure that

A) mitosis occurs without chromosomes
B) DNA is never copied
C) all cells divide continuously
D) important events occur correctly before progression
45. Uncontrolled cell division may result in

A) cancer
B) normal homeostasis
C) meiosis
D) fertilization
46. Programmed cell death is called

A) necrosis only
B) apoptosis
C) mitosis
D) synapsis
47. A major function of cell-cycle control is to

A) stop all cell growth
B) increase chromosome damage
C) prevent propagation of damaged DNA
D) remove all chromosomes
48. Cancer cells commonly show

A) complete dependence on meiosis
B) permanent G1 arrest
C) absence of DNA
D) loss of normal cell-cycle control
49. The process that ensures genetic material is distributed to daughter cells is

A) chromosome segregation
B) transcription
C) translation
D) diffusion
50. The cell cycle is important because it coordinates growth, DNA replication and

A) digestion
B) cell division
C) respiration only
D) hormone secretion only


Class 12 Biology Chapters

Syllabus and SLO Alignment

Syllabus: This chapter covers the cell cycle, interphase, mitosis, meiosis, chromosome behavior, cell division, and the biological significance of cell-cycle processes as prescribed for FBISE Grade 12 Biology.

SLO Alignment: These MCQs are designed to assess the relevant FBISE Student Learning Outcomes (SLOs) through knowledge, understanding, and application of the concepts covered in this chapter.

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